{
    "cells": [
        {
            "cell_type": "code",
            "execution_count": 1,
            "id": "f5e5541b",
            "metadata": {
                "nbsphinx": "hidden",
                "tags": []
            },
            "outputs": [
                {
                    "name": "stdout",
                    "output_type": "stream",
                    "text": [
                        "env: SOCCERDATA_LOGLEVEL=ERROR\n",
                        "env: SOCCERDATA_NOCACHE=False\n",
                        "env: SOCCERDATA_NOSTORE=False\n"
                    ]
                }
            ],
            "source": [
                "%env SOCCERDATA_LOGLEVEL=ERROR\n",
                "%env SOCCERDATA_NOCACHE=False\n",
                "%env SOCCERDATA_NOSTORE=False"
            ]
        },
        {
            "cell_type": "code",
            "execution_count": 2,
            "id": "2454afe6",
            "metadata": {
                "tags": []
            },
            "outputs": [],
            "source": [
                "import soccerdata as sd"
            ]
        },
        {
            "cell_type": "markdown",
            "id": "b5784f2d",
            "metadata": {},
            "source": [
                "# Understat"
            ]
        },
        {
            "cell_type": "code",
            "execution_count": 3,
            "id": "8dab5be9",
            "metadata": {
                "tags": []
            },
            "outputs": [
                {
                    "name": "stdout",
                    "output_type": "stream",
                    "text": [
                        "Provides pd.DataFrames from data at https://understat.com.\n",
                        "\n",
                        "    Data will be downloaded as necessary and cached locally in\n",
                        "    ``~/soccerdata/data/Understat``.\n",
                        "\n",
                        "    Parameters\n",
                        "    ----------\n",
                        "    proxy : 'tor' or dict or list(dict) or callable, optional\n",
                        "        Use a proxy to hide your IP address. Valid options are:\n",
                        "            - \"tor\": Uses the Tor network. Tor should be running in\n",
                        "              the background on port 9050.\n",
                        "            - dict: A dictionary with the proxy to use. The dict should be\n",
                        "              a mapping of supported protocols to proxy addresses. For example::\n",
                        "\n",
                        "                  {\n",
                        "                      'http': 'http://10.10.1.10:3128',\n",
                        "                      'https': 'http://10.10.1.10:1080',\n",
                        "                  }\n",
                        "\n",
                        "            - list(dict): A list of proxies to choose from. A different proxy will\n",
                        "              be selected from this list after failed requests, allowing rotating\n",
                        "              proxies.\n",
                        "            - callable: A function that returns a valid proxy. This function will\n",
                        "              be called after failed requests, allowing rotating proxies.\n",
                        "    no_cache : bool\n",
                        "        If True, will not use cached data.\n",
                        "    no_store : bool\n",
                        "        If True, will not store downloaded data.\n",
                        "    data_dir : Path\n",
                        "        Path to directory where data will be cached.\n",
                        "    \n"
                    ]
                }
            ],
            "source": [
                "understat = sd.Understat(leagues=\"ENG-Premier League\", seasons=\"2015/2016\")\n",
                "print(understat.__doc__)"
            ]
        },
        {
            "cell_type": "markdown",
            "id": "f791f100",
            "metadata": {},
            "source": [
                "## Leagues"
            ]
        },
        {
            "cell_type": "code",
            "execution_count": 4,
            "id": "4dc08db7",
            "metadata": {
                "tags": []
            },
            "outputs": [
                {
                    "data": {
                        "text/html": [
                            "<div>\n",
                            "<style scoped>\n",
                            "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
                            "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
                            "    }\n",
                            "\n",
                            "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
                            "        vertical-align: top;\n",
                            "    }\n",
                            "\n",
                            "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
                            "        text-align: right;\n",
                            "    }\n",
                            "</style>\n",
                            "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
                            "  <thead>\n",
                            "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "      <th>league_id</th>\n",
                            "      <th>url</th>\n",
                            "    </tr>\n",
                            "    <tr>\n",
                            "      <th>league</th>\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "    </tr>\n",
                            "  </thead>\n",
                            "  <tbody>\n",
                            "    <tr>\n",
                            "      <th>ENG-Premier League</th>\n",
                            "      <td>1</td>\n",
                            "      <td>https://understat.com/league/EPL</td>\n",
                            "    </tr>\n",
                            "  </tbody>\n",
                            "</table>\n",
                            "</div>"
                        ],
                        "text/plain": [
                            "                   league_id                               url\n",
                            "league                                                        \n",
                            "ENG-Premier League         1  https://understat.com/league/EPL"
                        ]
                    },
                    "execution_count": 4,
                    "metadata": {},
                    "output_type": "execute_result"
                }
            ],
            "source": [
                "leagues = understat.read_leagues()\n",
                "leagues.head()"
            ]
        },
        {
            "cell_type": "markdown",
            "id": "98881255-a906-4f4f-aeaa-788a46b9fcc1",
            "metadata": {},
            "source": [
                "## Seasons"
            ]
        },
        {
            "cell_type": "code",
            "execution_count": 5,
            "id": "168c34f5-3035-410f-bc74-51c4af9ca4d7",
            "metadata": {
                "tags": []
            },
            "outputs": [
                {
                    "data": {
                        "text/html": [
                            "<div>\n",
                            "<style scoped>\n",
                            "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
                            "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
                            "    }\n",
                            "\n",
                            "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
                            "        vertical-align: top;\n",
                            "    }\n",
                            "\n",
                            "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
                            "        text-align: right;\n",
                            "    }\n",
                            "</style>\n",
                            "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
                            "  <thead>\n",
                            "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "      <th>league_id</th>\n",
                            "      <th>season_id</th>\n",
                            "      <th>url</th>\n",
                            "    </tr>\n",
                            "    <tr>\n",
                            "      <th>league</th>\n",
                            "      <th>season</th>\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "    </tr>\n",
                            "  </thead>\n",
                            "  <tbody>\n",
                            "    <tr>\n",
                            "      <th>ENG-Premier League</th>\n",
                            "      <th>1516</th>\n",
                            "      <td>1</td>\n",
                            "      <td>2015</td>\n",
                            "      <td>https://understat.com/league/EPL/2015</td>\n",
                            "    </tr>\n",
                            "  </tbody>\n",
                            "</table>\n",
                            "</div>"
                        ],
                        "text/plain": [
                            "                          league_id  season_id  \\\n",
                            "league             season                        \n",
                            "ENG-Premier League 1516           1       2015   \n",
                            "\n",
                            "                                                             url  \n",
                            "league             season                                         \n",
                            "ENG-Premier League 1516    https://understat.com/league/EPL/2015  "
                        ]
                    },
                    "execution_count": 5,
                    "metadata": {},
                    "output_type": "execute_result"
                }
            ],
            "source": [
                "seasons = understat.read_seasons()\n",
                "seasons.head()"
            ]
        },
        {
            "cell_type": "markdown",
            "id": "eb5fabf3",
            "metadata": {},
            "source": [
                "## Schedule"
            ]
        },
        {
            "cell_type": "code",
            "execution_count": 6,
            "id": "66ce10da",
            "metadata": {
                "tags": []
            },
            "outputs": [
                {
                    "data": {
                        "text/html": [
                            "<div>\n",
                            "<style scoped>\n",
                            "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
                            "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
                            "    }\n",
                            "\n",
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                            "        vertical-align: top;\n",
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                            "\n",
                            "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
                            "        text-align: right;\n",
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                            "</style>\n",
                            "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
                            "  <thead>\n",
                            "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "      <th>league_id</th>\n",
                            "      <th>season_id</th>\n",
                            "      <th>game_id</th>\n",
                            "      <th>date</th>\n",
                            "      <th>home_team_id</th>\n",
                            "      <th>away_team_id</th>\n",
                            "      <th>home_team</th>\n",
                            "      <th>away_team</th>\n",
                            "      <th>away_team_code</th>\n",
                            "      <th>home_team_code</th>\n",
                            "      <th>home_goals</th>\n",
                            "      <th>away_goals</th>\n",
                            "      <th>home_xg</th>\n",
                            "      <th>away_xg</th>\n",
                            "      <th>is_result</th>\n",
                            "      <th>has_data</th>\n",
                            "      <th>url</th>\n",
                            "    </tr>\n",
                            "    <tr>\n",
                            "      <th>league</th>\n",
                            "      <th>season</th>\n",
                            "      <th>game</th>\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "    </tr>\n",
                            "  </thead>\n",
                            "  <tbody>\n",
                            "    <tr>\n",
                            "      <th rowspan=\"5\" valign=\"top\">ENG-Premier League</th>\n",
                            "      <th rowspan=\"5\" valign=\"top\">1516</th>\n",
                            "      <th>2015-08-08 Bournemouth-Aston Villa</th>\n",
                            "      <td>1</td>\n",
                            "      <td>2015</td>\n",
                            "      <td>82</td>\n",
                            "      <td>2015-08-08 18:00:00</td>\n",
                            "      <td>73</td>\n",
                            "      <td>71</td>\n",
                            "      <td>Bournemouth</td>\n",
                            "      <td>Aston Villa</td>\n",
                            "      <td>AVL</td>\n",
                            "      <td>BOU</td>\n",
                            "      <td>0</td>\n",
                            "      <td>1</td>\n",
                            "      <td>0.876106</td>\n",
                            "      <td>0.782253</td>\n",
                            "      <td>True</td>\n",
                            "      <td>True</td>\n",
                            "      <td>https://understat.com/match/82</td>\n",
                            "    </tr>\n",
                            "    <tr>\n",
                            "      <th>2015-08-08 Chelsea-Swansea</th>\n",
                            "      <td>1</td>\n",
                            "      <td>2015</td>\n",
                            "      <td>86</td>\n",
                            "      <td>2015-08-08 20:30:00</td>\n",
                            "      <td>80</td>\n",
                            "      <td>84</td>\n",
                            "      <td>Chelsea</td>\n",
                            "      <td>Swansea</td>\n",
                            "      <td>SWA</td>\n",
                            "      <td>CHE</td>\n",
                            "      <td>2</td>\n",
                            "      <td>2</td>\n",
                            "      <td>0.64396</td>\n",
                            "      <td>2.59203</td>\n",
                            "      <td>True</td>\n",
                            "      <td>True</td>\n",
                            "      <td>https://understat.com/match/86</td>\n",
                            "    </tr>\n",
                            "    <tr>\n",
                            "      <th>2015-08-08 Everton-Watford</th>\n",
                            "      <td>1</td>\n",
                            "      <td>2015</td>\n",
                            "      <td>83</td>\n",
                            "      <td>2015-08-08 18:00:00</td>\n",
                            "      <td>72</td>\n",
                            "      <td>90</td>\n",
                            "      <td>Everton</td>\n",
                            "      <td>Watford</td>\n",
                            "      <td>WAT</td>\n",
                            "      <td>EVE</td>\n",
                            "      <td>2</td>\n",
                            "      <td>2</td>\n",
                            "      <td>0.604226</td>\n",
                            "      <td>0.557892</td>\n",
                            "      <td>True</td>\n",
                            "      <td>True</td>\n",
                            "      <td>https://understat.com/match/83</td>\n",
                            "    </tr>\n",
                            "    <tr>\n",
                            "      <th>2015-08-08 Leicester-Sunderland</th>\n",
                            "      <td>1</td>\n",
                            "      <td>2015</td>\n",
                            "      <td>84</td>\n",
                            "      <td>2015-08-08 18:00:00</td>\n",
                            "      <td>75</td>\n",
                            "      <td>77</td>\n",
                            "      <td>Leicester</td>\n",
                            "      <td>Sunderland</td>\n",
                            "      <td>SUN</td>\n",
                            "      <td>LEI</td>\n",
                            "      <td>4</td>\n",
                            "      <td>2</td>\n",
                            "      <td>2.56803</td>\n",
                            "      <td>1.45946</td>\n",
                            "      <td>True</td>\n",
                            "      <td>True</td>\n",
                            "      <td>https://understat.com/match/84</td>\n",
                            "    </tr>\n",
                            "    <tr>\n",
                            "      <th>2015-08-08 Manchester United-Tottenham</th>\n",
                            "      <td>1</td>\n",
                            "      <td>2015</td>\n",
                            "      <td>81</td>\n",
                            "      <td>2015-08-08 15:45:00</td>\n",
                            "      <td>89</td>\n",
                            "      <td>82</td>\n",
                            "      <td>Manchester United</td>\n",
                            "      <td>Tottenham</td>\n",
                            "      <td>TOT</td>\n",
                            "      <td>MUN</td>\n",
                            "      <td>1</td>\n",
                            "      <td>0</td>\n",
                            "      <td>0.627539</td>\n",
                            "      <td>0.6746</td>\n",
                            "      <td>True</td>\n",
                            "      <td>True</td>\n",
                            "      <td>https://understat.com/match/81</td>\n",
                            "    </tr>\n",
                            "  </tbody>\n",
                            "</table>\n",
                            "</div>"
                        ],
                        "text/plain": [
                            "                                                                 league_id  \\\n",
                            "league             season game                                               \n",
                            "ENG-Premier League 1516   2015-08-08 Bournemouth-Aston Villa             1   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Chelsea-Swansea                     1   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Everton-Watford                     1   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Leicester-Sunderland                1   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Manchester United-Tottenham         1   \n",
                            "\n",
                            "                                                                  season_id  \\\n",
                            "league             season game                                                \n",
                            "ENG-Premier League 1516   2015-08-08 Bournemouth-Aston Villa           2015   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Chelsea-Swansea                   2015   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Everton-Watford                   2015   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Leicester-Sunderland              2015   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Manchester United-Tottenham       2015   \n",
                            "\n",
                            "                                                                  game_id  \\\n",
                            "league             season game                                              \n",
                            "ENG-Premier League 1516   2015-08-08 Bournemouth-Aston Villa           82   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Chelsea-Swansea                   86   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Everton-Watford                   83   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Leicester-Sunderland              84   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Manchester United-Tottenham       81   \n",
                            "\n",
                            "                                                                                date  \\\n",
                            "league             season game                                                         \n",
                            "ENG-Premier League 1516   2015-08-08 Bournemouth-Aston Villa     2015-08-08 18:00:00   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Chelsea-Swansea             2015-08-08 20:30:00   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Everton-Watford             2015-08-08 18:00:00   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Leicester-Sunderland        2015-08-08 18:00:00   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Manchester United-Tottenham 2015-08-08 15:45:00   \n",
                            "\n",
                            "                                                                  home_team_id  \\\n",
                            "league             season game                                                   \n",
                            "ENG-Premier League 1516   2015-08-08 Bournemouth-Aston Villa                73   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Chelsea-Swansea                        80   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Everton-Watford                        72   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Leicester-Sunderland                   75   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Manchester United-Tottenham            89   \n",
                            "\n",
                            "                                                                  away_team_id  \\\n",
                            "league             season game                                                   \n",
                            "ENG-Premier League 1516   2015-08-08 Bournemouth-Aston Villa                71   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Chelsea-Swansea                        84   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Everton-Watford                        90   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Leicester-Sunderland                   77   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Manchester United-Tottenham            82   \n",
                            "\n",
                            "                                                                          home_team  \\\n",
                            "league             season game                                                        \n",
                            "ENG-Premier League 1516   2015-08-08 Bournemouth-Aston Villa            Bournemouth   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Chelsea-Swansea                        Chelsea   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Everton-Watford                        Everton   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Leicester-Sunderland                 Leicester   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Manchester United-Tottenham  Manchester United   \n",
                            "\n",
                            "                                                                    away_team  \\\n",
                            "league             season game                                                  \n",
                            "ENG-Premier League 1516   2015-08-08 Bournemouth-Aston Villa      Aston Villa   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Chelsea-Swansea                  Swansea   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Everton-Watford                  Watford   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Leicester-Sunderland          Sunderland   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Manchester United-Tottenham    Tottenham   \n",
                            "\n",
                            "                                                                 away_team_code  \\\n",
                            "league             season game                                                    \n",
                            "ENG-Premier League 1516   2015-08-08 Bournemouth-Aston Villa                AVL   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Chelsea-Swansea                        SWA   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Everton-Watford                        WAT   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Leicester-Sunderland                   SUN   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Manchester United-Tottenham            TOT   \n",
                            "\n",
                            "                                                                 home_team_code  \\\n",
                            "league             season game                                                    \n",
                            "ENG-Premier League 1516   2015-08-08 Bournemouth-Aston Villa                BOU   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Chelsea-Swansea                        CHE   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Everton-Watford                        EVE   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Leicester-Sunderland                   LEI   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Manchester United-Tottenham            MUN   \n",
                            "\n",
                            "                                                                  home_goals  \\\n",
                            "league             season game                                                 \n",
                            "ENG-Premier League 1516   2015-08-08 Bournemouth-Aston Villa               0   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Chelsea-Swansea                       2   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Everton-Watford                       2   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Leicester-Sunderland                  4   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Manchester United-Tottenham           1   \n",
                            "\n",
                            "                                                                  away_goals  \\\n",
                            "league             season game                                                 \n",
                            "ENG-Premier League 1516   2015-08-08 Bournemouth-Aston Villa               1   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Chelsea-Swansea                       2   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Everton-Watford                       2   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Leicester-Sunderland                  2   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Manchester United-Tottenham           0   \n",
                            "\n",
                            "                                                                   home_xg  \\\n",
                            "league             season game                                               \n",
                            "ENG-Premier League 1516   2015-08-08 Bournemouth-Aston Villa      0.876106   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Chelsea-Swansea               0.64396   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Everton-Watford              0.604226   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Leicester-Sunderland          2.56803   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Manchester United-Tottenham  0.627539   \n",
                            "\n",
                            "                                                                   away_xg  \\\n",
                            "league             season game                                               \n",
                            "ENG-Premier League 1516   2015-08-08 Bournemouth-Aston Villa      0.782253   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Chelsea-Swansea               2.59203   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Everton-Watford              0.557892   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Leicester-Sunderland          1.45946   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Manchester United-Tottenham    0.6746   \n",
                            "\n",
                            "                                                                  is_result  \\\n",
                            "league             season game                                                \n",
                            "ENG-Premier League 1516   2015-08-08 Bournemouth-Aston Villa           True   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Chelsea-Swansea                   True   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Everton-Watford                   True   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Leicester-Sunderland              True   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Manchester United-Tottenham       True   \n",
                            "\n",
                            "                                                                  has_data  \\\n",
                            "league             season game                                               \n",
                            "ENG-Premier League 1516   2015-08-08 Bournemouth-Aston Villa          True   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Chelsea-Swansea                  True   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Everton-Watford                  True   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Leicester-Sunderland             True   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Manchester United-Tottenham      True   \n",
                            "\n",
                            "                                                                                             url  \n",
                            "league             season game                                                                    \n",
                            "ENG-Premier League 1516   2015-08-08 Bournemouth-Aston Villa      https://understat.com/match/82  \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Chelsea-Swansea              https://understat.com/match/86  \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Everton-Watford              https://understat.com/match/83  \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Leicester-Sunderland         https://understat.com/match/84  \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Manchester United-Tottenham  https://understat.com/match/81  "
                        ]
                    },
                    "execution_count": 6,
                    "metadata": {},
                    "output_type": "execute_result"
                }
            ],
            "source": [
                "schedule = understat.read_schedule()\n",
                "schedule.head()"
            ]
        },
        {
            "cell_type": "markdown",
            "id": "7bd05a01",
            "metadata": {},
            "source": [
                "## Team match stats"
            ]
        },
        {
            "cell_type": "code",
            "execution_count": 7,
            "id": "bc789ef7",
            "metadata": {},
            "outputs": [
                {
                    "data": {
                        "text/html": [
                            "<div>\n",
                            "<style scoped>\n",
                            "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
                            "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
                            "    }\n",
                            "\n",
                            "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
                            "        vertical-align: top;\n",
                            "    }\n",
                            "\n",
                            "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
                            "        text-align: right;\n",
                            "    }\n",
                            "</style>\n",
                            "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
                            "  <thead>\n",
                            "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "      <th>league_id</th>\n",
                            "      <th>season_id</th>\n",
                            "      <th>game_id</th>\n",
                            "      <th>date</th>\n",
                            "      <th>home_team_id</th>\n",
                            "      <th>away_team_id</th>\n",
                            "      <th>home_team</th>\n",
                            "      <th>away_team</th>\n",
                            "      <th>away_team_code</th>\n",
                            "      <th>home_team_code</th>\n",
                            "      <th>...</th>\n",
                            "      <th>away_ppda</th>\n",
                            "      <th>away_deep_completions</th>\n",
                            "      <th>home_points</th>\n",
                            "      <th>home_expected_points</th>\n",
                            "      <th>home_goals</th>\n",
                            "      <th>home_xg</th>\n",
                            "      <th>home_np_xg</th>\n",
                            "      <th>home_np_xg_difference</th>\n",
                            "      <th>home_ppda</th>\n",
                            "      <th>home_deep_completions</th>\n",
                            "    </tr>\n",
                            "    <tr>\n",
                            "      <th>league</th>\n",
                            "      <th>season</th>\n",
                            "      <th>game</th>\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "    </tr>\n",
                            "  </thead>\n",
                            "  <tbody>\n",
                            "    <tr>\n",
                            "      <th rowspan=\"5\" valign=\"top\">ENG-Premier League</th>\n",
                            "      <th rowspan=\"5\" valign=\"top\">1516</th>\n",
                            "      <th>2015-08-08 Bournemouth-Aston Villa</th>\n",
                            "      <td>1</td>\n",
                            "      <td>2015</td>\n",
                            "      <td>82</td>\n",
                            "      <td>2015-08-08 18:00:00</td>\n",
                            "      <td>73</td>\n",
                            "      <td>71</td>\n",
                            "      <td>Bournemouth</td>\n",
                            "      <td>Aston Villa</td>\n",
                            "      <td>AVL</td>\n",
                            "      <td>BOU</td>\n",
                            "      <td>...</td>\n",
                            "      <td>11.846154</td>\n",
                            "      <td>2</td>\n",
                            "      <td>0</td>\n",
                            "      <td>1.3912</td>\n",
                            "      <td>0</td>\n",
                            "      <td>0.876106</td>\n",
                            "      <td>0.876106</td>\n",
                            "      <td>0.093853</td>\n",
                            "      <td>6.9</td>\n",
                            "      <td>11</td>\n",
                            "    </tr>\n",
                            "    <tr>\n",
                            "      <th>2015-08-08 Chelsea-Swansea</th>\n",
                            "      <td>1</td>\n",
                            "      <td>2015</td>\n",
                            "      <td>86</td>\n",
                            "      <td>2015-08-08 20:30:00</td>\n",
                            "      <td>80</td>\n",
                            "      <td>84</td>\n",
                            "      <td>Chelsea</td>\n",
                            "      <td>Swansea</td>\n",
                            "      <td>SWA</td>\n",
                            "      <td>CHE</td>\n",
                            "      <td>...</td>\n",
                            "      <td>8.833333</td>\n",
                            "      <td>5</td>\n",
                            "      <td>1</td>\n",
                            "      <td>0.1836</td>\n",
                            "      <td>2</td>\n",
                            "      <td>0.64396</td>\n",
                            "      <td>0.64396</td>\n",
                            "      <td>-1.1869</td>\n",
                            "      <td>10.363636</td>\n",
                            "      <td>10</td>\n",
                            "    </tr>\n",
                            "    <tr>\n",
                            "      <th>2015-08-08 Everton-Watford</th>\n",
                            "      <td>1</td>\n",
                            "      <td>2015</td>\n",
                            "      <td>83</td>\n",
                            "      <td>2015-08-08 18:00:00</td>\n",
                            "      <td>72</td>\n",
                            "      <td>90</td>\n",
                            "      <td>Everton</td>\n",
                            "      <td>Watford</td>\n",
                            "      <td>WAT</td>\n",
                            "      <td>EVE</td>\n",
                            "      <td>...</td>\n",
                            "      <td>17.157895</td>\n",
                            "      <td>4</td>\n",
                            "      <td>1</td>\n",
                            "      <td>1.3301</td>\n",
                            "      <td>2</td>\n",
                            "      <td>0.604226</td>\n",
                            "      <td>0.604226</td>\n",
                            "      <td>0.046334</td>\n",
                            "      <td>6.65</td>\n",
                            "      <td>5</td>\n",
                            "    </tr>\n",
                            "    <tr>\n",
                            "      <th>2015-08-08 Leicester-Sunderland</th>\n",
                            "      <td>1</td>\n",
                            "      <td>2015</td>\n",
                            "      <td>84</td>\n",
                            "      <td>2015-08-08 18:00:00</td>\n",
                            "      <td>75</td>\n",
                            "      <td>77</td>\n",
                            "      <td>Leicester</td>\n",
                            "      <td>Sunderland</td>\n",
                            "      <td>SUN</td>\n",
                            "      <td>LEI</td>\n",
                            "      <td>...</td>\n",
                            "      <td>9.555556</td>\n",
                            "      <td>6</td>\n",
                            "      <td>3</td>\n",
                            "      <td>2.1323</td>\n",
                            "      <td>4</td>\n",
                            "      <td>2.56803</td>\n",
                            "      <td>1.80686</td>\n",
                            "      <td>0.3474</td>\n",
                            "      <td>10.88</td>\n",
                            "      <td>5</td>\n",
                            "    </tr>\n",
                            "    <tr>\n",
                            "      <th>2015-08-08 Manchester United-Tottenham</th>\n",
                            "      <td>1</td>\n",
                            "      <td>2015</td>\n",
                            "      <td>81</td>\n",
                            "      <td>2015-08-08 15:45:00</td>\n",
                            "      <td>89</td>\n",
                            "      <td>82</td>\n",
                            "      <td>Manchester United</td>\n",
                            "      <td>Tottenham</td>\n",
                            "      <td>TOT</td>\n",
                            "      <td>MUN</td>\n",
                            "      <td>...</td>\n",
                            "      <td>8.21875</td>\n",
                            "      <td>10</td>\n",
                            "      <td>3</td>\n",
                            "      <td>1.2482</td>\n",
                            "      <td>1</td>\n",
                            "      <td>0.627539</td>\n",
                            "      <td>0.627539</td>\n",
                            "      <td>-0.047061</td>\n",
                            "      <td>13.826087</td>\n",
                            "      <td>4</td>\n",
                            "    </tr>\n",
                            "  </tbody>\n",
                            "</table>\n",
                            "<p>5 rows × 26 columns</p>\n",
                            "</div>"
                        ],
                        "text/plain": [
                            "                                                                 league_id  \\\n",
                            "league             season game                                               \n",
                            "ENG-Premier League 1516   2015-08-08 Bournemouth-Aston Villa             1   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Chelsea-Swansea                     1   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Everton-Watford                     1   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Leicester-Sunderland                1   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Manchester United-Tottenham         1   \n",
                            "\n",
                            "                                                                  season_id  \\\n",
                            "league             season game                                                \n",
                            "ENG-Premier League 1516   2015-08-08 Bournemouth-Aston Villa           2015   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Chelsea-Swansea                   2015   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Everton-Watford                   2015   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Leicester-Sunderland              2015   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Manchester United-Tottenham       2015   \n",
                            "\n",
                            "                                                                  game_id  \\\n",
                            "league             season game                                              \n",
                            "ENG-Premier League 1516   2015-08-08 Bournemouth-Aston Villa           82   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Chelsea-Swansea                   86   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Everton-Watford                   83   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Leicester-Sunderland              84   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Manchester United-Tottenham       81   \n",
                            "\n",
                            "                                                                                date  \\\n",
                            "league             season game                                                         \n",
                            "ENG-Premier League 1516   2015-08-08 Bournemouth-Aston Villa     2015-08-08 18:00:00   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Chelsea-Swansea             2015-08-08 20:30:00   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Everton-Watford             2015-08-08 18:00:00   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Leicester-Sunderland        2015-08-08 18:00:00   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Manchester United-Tottenham 2015-08-08 15:45:00   \n",
                            "\n",
                            "                                                                  home_team_id  \\\n",
                            "league             season game                                                   \n",
                            "ENG-Premier League 1516   2015-08-08 Bournemouth-Aston Villa                73   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Chelsea-Swansea                        80   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Everton-Watford                        72   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Leicester-Sunderland                   75   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Manchester United-Tottenham            89   \n",
                            "\n",
                            "                                                                  away_team_id  \\\n",
                            "league             season game                                                   \n",
                            "ENG-Premier League 1516   2015-08-08 Bournemouth-Aston Villa                71   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Chelsea-Swansea                        84   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Everton-Watford                        90   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Leicester-Sunderland                   77   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Manchester United-Tottenham            82   \n",
                            "\n",
                            "                                                                          home_team  \\\n",
                            "league             season game                                                        \n",
                            "ENG-Premier League 1516   2015-08-08 Bournemouth-Aston Villa            Bournemouth   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Chelsea-Swansea                        Chelsea   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Everton-Watford                        Everton   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Leicester-Sunderland                 Leicester   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Manchester United-Tottenham  Manchester United   \n",
                            "\n",
                            "                                                                    away_team  \\\n",
                            "league             season game                                                  \n",
                            "ENG-Premier League 1516   2015-08-08 Bournemouth-Aston Villa      Aston Villa   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Chelsea-Swansea                  Swansea   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Everton-Watford                  Watford   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Leicester-Sunderland          Sunderland   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Manchester United-Tottenham    Tottenham   \n",
                            "\n",
                            "                                                                 away_team_code  \\\n",
                            "league             season game                                                    \n",
                            "ENG-Premier League 1516   2015-08-08 Bournemouth-Aston Villa                AVL   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Chelsea-Swansea                        SWA   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Everton-Watford                        WAT   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Leicester-Sunderland                   SUN   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Manchester United-Tottenham            TOT   \n",
                            "\n",
                            "                                                                 home_team_code  \\\n",
                            "league             season game                                                    \n",
                            "ENG-Premier League 1516   2015-08-08 Bournemouth-Aston Villa                BOU   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Chelsea-Swansea                        CHE   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Everton-Watford                        EVE   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Leicester-Sunderland                   LEI   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Manchester United-Tottenham            MUN   \n",
                            "\n",
                            "                                                                  ...  \\\n",
                            "league             season game                                    ...   \n",
                            "ENG-Premier League 1516   2015-08-08 Bournemouth-Aston Villa      ...   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Chelsea-Swansea              ...   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Everton-Watford              ...   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Leicester-Sunderland         ...   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Manchester United-Tottenham  ...   \n",
                            "\n",
                            "                                                                  away_ppda  \\\n",
                            "league             season game                                                \n",
                            "ENG-Premier League 1516   2015-08-08 Bournemouth-Aston Villa      11.846154   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Chelsea-Swansea               8.833333   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Everton-Watford              17.157895   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Leicester-Sunderland          9.555556   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Manchester United-Tottenham    8.21875   \n",
                            "\n",
                            "                                                                  away_deep_completions  \\\n",
                            "league             season game                                                            \n",
                            "ENG-Premier League 1516   2015-08-08 Bournemouth-Aston Villa                          2   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Chelsea-Swansea                                  5   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Everton-Watford                                  4   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Leicester-Sunderland                             6   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Manchester United-Tottenham                     10   \n",
                            "\n",
                            "                                                                  home_points  \\\n",
                            "league             season game                                                  \n",
                            "ENG-Premier League 1516   2015-08-08 Bournemouth-Aston Villa                0   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Chelsea-Swansea                        1   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Everton-Watford                        1   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Leicester-Sunderland                   3   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Manchester United-Tottenham            3   \n",
                            "\n",
                            "                                                                  home_expected_points  \\\n",
                            "league             season game                                                           \n",
                            "ENG-Premier League 1516   2015-08-08 Bournemouth-Aston Villa                    1.3912   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Chelsea-Swansea                            0.1836   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Everton-Watford                            1.3301   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Leicester-Sunderland                       2.1323   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Manchester United-Tottenham                1.2482   \n",
                            "\n",
                            "                                                                  home_goals  \\\n",
                            "league             season game                                                 \n",
                            "ENG-Premier League 1516   2015-08-08 Bournemouth-Aston Villa               0   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Chelsea-Swansea                       2   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Everton-Watford                       2   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Leicester-Sunderland                  4   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Manchester United-Tottenham           1   \n",
                            "\n",
                            "                                                                   home_xg  \\\n",
                            "league             season game                                               \n",
                            "ENG-Premier League 1516   2015-08-08 Bournemouth-Aston Villa      0.876106   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Chelsea-Swansea               0.64396   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Everton-Watford              0.604226   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Leicester-Sunderland          2.56803   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Manchester United-Tottenham  0.627539   \n",
                            "\n",
                            "                                                                  home_np_xg  \\\n",
                            "league             season game                                                 \n",
                            "ENG-Premier League 1516   2015-08-08 Bournemouth-Aston Villa        0.876106   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Chelsea-Swansea                 0.64396   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Everton-Watford                0.604226   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Leicester-Sunderland            1.80686   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Manchester United-Tottenham    0.627539   \n",
                            "\n",
                            "                                                                  home_np_xg_difference  \\\n",
                            "league             season game                                                            \n",
                            "ENG-Premier League 1516   2015-08-08 Bournemouth-Aston Villa                   0.093853   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Chelsea-Swansea                            -1.1869   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Everton-Watford                           0.046334   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Leicester-Sunderland                        0.3474   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Manchester United-Tottenham              -0.047061   \n",
                            "\n",
                            "                                                                  home_ppda  \\\n",
                            "league             season game                                                \n",
                            "ENG-Premier League 1516   2015-08-08 Bournemouth-Aston Villa            6.9   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Chelsea-Swansea              10.363636   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Everton-Watford                   6.65   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Leicester-Sunderland             10.88   \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Manchester United-Tottenham  13.826087   \n",
                            "\n",
                            "                                                                  home_deep_completions  \n",
                            "league             season game                                                           \n",
                            "ENG-Premier League 1516   2015-08-08 Bournemouth-Aston Villa                         11  \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Chelsea-Swansea                                 10  \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Everton-Watford                                  5  \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Leicester-Sunderland                             5  \n",
                            "                          2015-08-08 Manchester United-Tottenham                      4  \n",
                            "\n",
                            "[5 rows x 26 columns]"
                        ]
                    },
                    "execution_count": 7,
                    "metadata": {},
                    "output_type": "execute_result"
                }
            ],
            "source": [
                "team_match_stats = understat.read_team_match_stats()\n",
                "team_match_stats.head()"
            ]
        },
        {
            "cell_type": "markdown",
            "id": "7c07e843",
            "metadata": {},
            "source": [
                "## Player season stats"
            ]
        },
        {
            "cell_type": "code",
            "execution_count": 8,
            "id": "4b9cb8d8",
            "metadata": {},
            "outputs": [
                {
                    "data": {
                        "text/html": [
                            "<div>\n",
                            "<style scoped>\n",
                            "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
                            "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
                            "    }\n",
                            "\n",
                            "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
                            "        vertical-align: top;\n",
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                            "\n",
                            "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
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                            "</style>\n",
                            "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
                            "  <thead>\n",
                            "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "      <th>league_id</th>\n",
                            "      <th>season_id</th>\n",
                            "      <th>team</th>\n",
                            "      <th>team_id</th>\n",
                            "      <th>player_id</th>\n",
                            "      <th>position</th>\n",
                            "      <th>matches</th>\n",
                            "      <th>minutes</th>\n",
                            "      <th>goals</th>\n",
                            "      <th>xg</th>\n",
                            "      <th>np_goals</th>\n",
                            "      <th>np_xg</th>\n",
                            "      <th>assists</th>\n",
                            "      <th>xa</th>\n",
                            "      <th>shots</th>\n",
                            "      <th>key_passes</th>\n",
                            "      <th>yellow_cards</th>\n",
                            "      <th>red_cards</th>\n",
                            "      <th>xg_chain</th>\n",
                            "      <th>xg_buildup</th>\n",
                            "    </tr>\n",
                            "    <tr>\n",
                            "      <th>league</th>\n",
                            "      <th>season</th>\n",
                            "      <th>player</th>\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "    </tr>\n",
                            "  </thead>\n",
                            "  <tbody>\n",
                            "    <tr>\n",
                            "      <th rowspan=\"5\" valign=\"top\">ENG-Premier League</th>\n",
                            "      <th rowspan=\"5\" valign=\"top\">1516</th>\n",
                            "      <th>Aaron Cresswell</th>\n",
                            "      <td>1</td>\n",
                            "      <td>2015</td>\n",
                            "      <td>West Ham</td>\n",
                            "      <td>81</td>\n",
                            "      <td>534</td>\n",
                            "      <td>D M</td>\n",
                            "      <td>37</td>\n",
                            "      <td>3319</td>\n",
                            "      <td>2</td>\n",
                            "      <td>1.092563</td>\n",
                            "      <td>2</td>\n",
                            "      <td>1.092563</td>\n",
                            "      <td>4</td>\n",
                            "      <td>3.294618</td>\n",
                            "      <td>28</td>\n",
                            "      <td>40</td>\n",
                            "      <td>1</td>\n",
                            "      <td>0</td>\n",
                            "      <td>10.339367</td>\n",
                            "      <td>6.831139</td>\n",
                            "    </tr>\n",
                            "    <tr>\n",
                            "      <th>Aaron Lennon</th>\n",
                            "      <td>1</td>\n",
                            "      <td>2015</td>\n",
                            "      <td>Everton</td>\n",
                            "      <td>72</td>\n",
                            "      <td>593</td>\n",
                            "      <td>F M S</td>\n",
                            "      <td>25</td>\n",
                            "      <td>1534</td>\n",
                            "      <td>5</td>\n",
                            "      <td>2.226095</td>\n",
                            "      <td>5</td>\n",
                            "      <td>2.226095</td>\n",
                            "      <td>0</td>\n",
                            "      <td>1.697951</td>\n",
                            "      <td>18</td>\n",
                            "      <td>23</td>\n",
                            "      <td>1</td>\n",
                            "      <td>0</td>\n",
                            "      <td>5.535392</td>\n",
                            "      <td>1.90374</td>\n",
                            "    </tr>\n",
                            "    <tr>\n",
                            "      <th>Aaron Ramsey</th>\n",
                            "      <td>1</td>\n",
                            "      <td>2015</td>\n",
                            "      <td>Arsenal</td>\n",
                            "      <td>83</td>\n",
                            "      <td>504</td>\n",
                            "      <td>M S</td>\n",
                            "      <td>31</td>\n",
                            "      <td>2624</td>\n",
                            "      <td>5</td>\n",
                            "      <td>8.614323</td>\n",
                            "      <td>5</td>\n",
                            "      <td>8.614323</td>\n",
                            "      <td>4</td>\n",
                            "      <td>4.046242</td>\n",
                            "      <td>69</td>\n",
                            "      <td>37</td>\n",
                            "      <td>4</td>\n",
                            "      <td>0</td>\n",
                            "      <td>23.282566</td>\n",
                            "      <td>14.176444</td>\n",
                            "    </tr>\n",
                            "    <tr>\n",
                            "      <th>Abdul Rahman Baba</th>\n",
                            "      <td>1</td>\n",
                            "      <td>2015</td>\n",
                            "      <td>Chelsea</td>\n",
                            "      <td>80</td>\n",
                            "      <td>684</td>\n",
                            "      <td>D S</td>\n",
                            "      <td>15</td>\n",
                            "      <td>1018</td>\n",
                            "      <td>0</td>\n",
                            "      <td>0.379115</td>\n",
                            "      <td>0</td>\n",
                            "      <td>0.379115</td>\n",
                            "      <td>1</td>\n",
                            "      <td>0.179241</td>\n",
                            "      <td>6</td>\n",
                            "      <td>3</td>\n",
                            "      <td>1</td>\n",
                            "      <td>0</td>\n",
                            "      <td>3.869669</td>\n",
                            "      <td>3.490554</td>\n",
                            "    </tr>\n",
                            "    <tr>\n",
                            "      <th>Adam Bogdan</th>\n",
                            "      <td>1</td>\n",
                            "      <td>2015</td>\n",
                            "      <td>Liverpool</td>\n",
                            "      <td>87</td>\n",
                            "      <td>698</td>\n",
                            "      <td>GK</td>\n",
                            "      <td>2</td>\n",
                            "      <td>180</td>\n",
                            "      <td>0</td>\n",
                            "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
                            "      <td>0</td>\n",
                            "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
                            "      <td>0</td>\n",
                            "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
                            "      <td>0</td>\n",
                            "      <td>0</td>\n",
                            "      <td>0</td>\n",
                            "      <td>0</td>\n",
                            "      <td>0.120216</td>\n",
                            "      <td>0.120216</td>\n",
                            "    </tr>\n",
                            "  </tbody>\n",
                            "</table>\n",
                            "</div>"
                        ],
                        "text/plain": [
                            "                                            league_id  season_id       team  \\\n",
                            "league             season player                                              \n",
                            "ENG-Premier League 1516   Aaron Cresswell           1       2015   West Ham   \n",
                            "                          Aaron Lennon              1       2015    Everton   \n",
                            "                          Aaron Ramsey              1       2015    Arsenal   \n",
                            "                          Abdul Rahman Baba         1       2015    Chelsea   \n",
                            "                          Adam Bogdan               1       2015  Liverpool   \n",
                            "\n",
                            "                                             team_id  player_id position  \\\n",
                            "league             season player                                           \n",
                            "ENG-Premier League 1516   Aaron Cresswell         81        534      D M   \n",
                            "                          Aaron Lennon            72        593    F M S   \n",
                            "                          Aaron Ramsey            83        504      M S   \n",
                            "                          Abdul Rahman Baba       80        684      D S   \n",
                            "                          Adam Bogdan             87        698       GK   \n",
                            "\n",
                            "                                             matches  minutes  goals  \\\n",
                            "league             season player                                       \n",
                            "ENG-Premier League 1516   Aaron Cresswell         37     3319      2   \n",
                            "                          Aaron Lennon            25     1534      5   \n",
                            "                          Aaron Ramsey            31     2624      5   \n",
                            "                          Abdul Rahman Baba       15     1018      0   \n",
                            "                          Adam Bogdan              2      180      0   \n",
                            "\n",
                            "                                                   xg  np_goals     np_xg  \\\n",
                            "league             season player                                            \n",
                            "ENG-Premier League 1516   Aaron Cresswell    1.092563         2  1.092563   \n",
                            "                          Aaron Lennon       2.226095         5  2.226095   \n",
                            "                          Aaron Ramsey       8.614323         5  8.614323   \n",
                            "                          Abdul Rahman Baba  0.379115         0  0.379115   \n",
                            "                          Adam Bogdan             0.0         0       0.0   \n",
                            "\n",
                            "                                             assists        xa  shots  \\\n",
                            "league             season player                                        \n",
                            "ENG-Premier League 1516   Aaron Cresswell          4  3.294618     28   \n",
                            "                          Aaron Lennon             0  1.697951     18   \n",
                            "                          Aaron Ramsey             4  4.046242     69   \n",
                            "                          Abdul Rahman Baba        1  0.179241      6   \n",
                            "                          Adam Bogdan              0       0.0      0   \n",
                            "\n",
                            "                                             key_passes  yellow_cards  \\\n",
                            "league             season player                                        \n",
                            "ENG-Premier League 1516   Aaron Cresswell            40             1   \n",
                            "                          Aaron Lennon               23             1   \n",
                            "                          Aaron Ramsey               37             4   \n",
                            "                          Abdul Rahman Baba           3             1   \n",
                            "                          Adam Bogdan                 0             0   \n",
                            "\n",
                            "                                             red_cards   xg_chain  xg_buildup  \n",
                            "league             season player                                               \n",
                            "ENG-Premier League 1516   Aaron Cresswell            0  10.339367    6.831139  \n",
                            "                          Aaron Lennon               0   5.535392     1.90374  \n",
                            "                          Aaron Ramsey               0  23.282566   14.176444  \n",
                            "                          Abdul Rahman Baba          0   3.869669    3.490554  \n",
                            "                          Adam Bogdan                0   0.120216    0.120216  "
                        ]
                    },
                    "execution_count": 8,
                    "metadata": {},
                    "output_type": "execute_result"
                }
            ],
            "source": [
                "player_season_stats = understat.read_player_season_stats()\n",
                "player_season_stats.head()"
            ]
        },
        {
            "cell_type": "markdown",
            "id": "04162974",
            "metadata": {},
            "source": [
                "## Player match stats"
            ]
        },
        {
            "cell_type": "code",
            "execution_count": 9,
            "id": "5ef60999",
            "metadata": {},
            "outputs": [
                {
                    "data": {
                        "text/html": [
                            "<div>\n",
                            "<style scoped>\n",
                            "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
                            "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
                            "    }\n",
                            "\n",
                            "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
                            "        vertical-align: top;\n",
                            "    }\n",
                            "\n",
                            "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
                            "        text-align: right;\n",
                            "    }\n",
                            "</style>\n",
                            "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
                            "  <thead>\n",
                            "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "      <th>league_id</th>\n",
                            "      <th>season_id</th>\n",
                            "      <th>game_id</th>\n",
                            "      <th>team_id</th>\n",
                            "      <th>player_id</th>\n",
                            "      <th>position</th>\n",
                            "      <th>position_id</th>\n",
                            "      <th>minutes</th>\n",
                            "      <th>goals</th>\n",
                            "      <th>own_goals</th>\n",
                            "      <th>shots</th>\n",
                            "      <th>xg</th>\n",
                            "      <th>xa</th>\n",
                            "      <th>xg_chain</th>\n",
                            "      <th>xg_buildup</th>\n",
                            "    </tr>\n",
                            "    <tr>\n",
                            "      <th>league</th>\n",
                            "      <th>season</th>\n",
                            "      <th>game</th>\n",
                            "      <th>team</th>\n",
                            "      <th>player</th>\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "    </tr>\n",
                            "  </thead>\n",
                            "  <tbody>\n",
                            "    <tr>\n",
                            "      <th rowspan=\"5\" valign=\"top\">ENG-Premier League</th>\n",
                            "      <th rowspan=\"5\" valign=\"top\">1516</th>\n",
                            "      <th rowspan=\"5\" valign=\"top\">2015-08-08 Bournemouth-Aston Villa</th>\n",
                            "      <th rowspan=\"5\" valign=\"top\">Aston Villa</th>\n",
                            "      <th>Ashley Westwood</th>\n",
                            "      <td>1</td>\n",
                            "      <td>2015</td>\n",
                            "      <td>82</td>\n",
                            "      <td>71</td>\n",
                            "      <td>669</td>\n",
                            "      <td>MC</td>\n",
                            "      <td>9</td>\n",
                            "      <td>90</td>\n",
                            "      <td>0</td>\n",
                            "      <td>0</td>\n",
                            "      <td>0</td>\n",
                            "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
                            "      <td>0.374082</td>\n",
                            "      <td>0.131937</td>\n",
                            "      <td>0.131937</td>\n",
                            "    </tr>\n",
                            "    <tr>\n",
                            "      <th>Brad Guzan</th>\n",
                            "      <td>1</td>\n",
                            "      <td>2015</td>\n",
                            "      <td>82</td>\n",
                            "      <td>71</td>\n",
                            "      <td>662</td>\n",
                            "      <td>GK</td>\n",
                            "      <td>1</td>\n",
                            "      <td>90</td>\n",
                            "      <td>0</td>\n",
                            "      <td>0</td>\n",
                            "      <td>0</td>\n",
                            "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
                            "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
                            "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
                            "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
                            "    </tr>\n",
                            "    <tr>\n",
                            "      <th>Carlos Sánchez</th>\n",
                            "      <td>1</td>\n",
                            "      <td>2015</td>\n",
                            "      <td>82</td>\n",
                            "      <td>71</td>\n",
                            "      <td>667</td>\n",
                            "      <td>Sub</td>\n",
                            "      <td>17</td>\n",
                            "      <td>18</td>\n",
                            "      <td>0</td>\n",
                            "      <td>0</td>\n",
                            "      <td>0</td>\n",
                            "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
                            "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
                            "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
                            "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
                            "    </tr>\n",
                            "    <tr>\n",
                            "      <th>Ciaran Clark</th>\n",
                            "      <td>1</td>\n",
                            "      <td>2015</td>\n",
                            "      <td>82</td>\n",
                            "      <td>71</td>\n",
                            "      <td>875</td>\n",
                            "      <td>DC</td>\n",
                            "      <td>3</td>\n",
                            "      <td>90</td>\n",
                            "      <td>0</td>\n",
                            "      <td>0</td>\n",
                            "      <td>0</td>\n",
                            "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
                            "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
                            "      <td>0.131937</td>\n",
                            "      <td>0.131937</td>\n",
                            "    </tr>\n",
                            "    <tr>\n",
                            "      <th>Gabriel Agbonlahor</th>\n",
                            "      <td>1</td>\n",
                            "      <td>2015</td>\n",
                            "      <td>82</td>\n",
                            "      <td>71</td>\n",
                            "      <td>890</td>\n",
                            "      <td>FW</td>\n",
                            "      <td>15</td>\n",
                            "      <td>90</td>\n",
                            "      <td>0</td>\n",
                            "      <td>0</td>\n",
                            "      <td>2</td>\n",
                            "      <td>0.13016</td>\n",
                            "      <td>0.113668</td>\n",
                            "      <td>0.243828</td>\n",
                            "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
                            "    </tr>\n",
                            "  </tbody>\n",
                            "</table>\n",
                            "</div>"
                        ],
                        "text/plain": [
                            "                                                                                            league_id  \\\n",
                            "league             season game                               team        player                         \n",
                            "ENG-Premier League 1516   2015-08-08 Bournemouth-Aston Villa Aston Villa Ashley Westwood            1   \n",
                            "                                                                         Brad Guzan                 1   \n",
                            "                                                                         Carlos Sánchez             1   \n",
                            "                                                                         Ciaran Clark               1   \n",
                            "                                                                         Gabriel Agbonlahor         1   \n",
                            "\n",
                            "                                                                                             season_id  \\\n",
                            "league             season game                               team        player                          \n",
                            "ENG-Premier League 1516   2015-08-08 Bournemouth-Aston Villa Aston Villa Ashley Westwood          2015   \n",
                            "                                                                         Brad Guzan               2015   \n",
                            "                                                                         Carlos Sánchez           2015   \n",
                            "                                                                         Ciaran Clark             2015   \n",
                            "                                                                         Gabriel Agbonlahor       2015   \n",
                            "\n",
                            "                                                                                             game_id  \\\n",
                            "league             season game                               team        player                        \n",
                            "ENG-Premier League 1516   2015-08-08 Bournemouth-Aston Villa Aston Villa Ashley Westwood          82   \n",
                            "                                                                         Brad Guzan               82   \n",
                            "                                                                         Carlos Sánchez           82   \n",
                            "                                                                         Ciaran Clark             82   \n",
                            "                                                                         Gabriel Agbonlahor       82   \n",
                            "\n",
                            "                                                                                             team_id  \\\n",
                            "league             season game                               team        player                        \n",
                            "ENG-Premier League 1516   2015-08-08 Bournemouth-Aston Villa Aston Villa Ashley Westwood          71   \n",
                            "                                                                         Brad Guzan               71   \n",
                            "                                                                         Carlos Sánchez           71   \n",
                            "                                                                         Ciaran Clark             71   \n",
                            "                                                                         Gabriel Agbonlahor       71   \n",
                            "\n",
                            "                                                                                             player_id  \\\n",
                            "league             season game                               team        player                          \n",
                            "ENG-Premier League 1516   2015-08-08 Bournemouth-Aston Villa Aston Villa Ashley Westwood           669   \n",
                            "                                                                         Brad Guzan                662   \n",
                            "                                                                         Carlos Sánchez            667   \n",
                            "                                                                         Ciaran Clark              875   \n",
                            "                                                                         Gabriel Agbonlahor        890   \n",
                            "\n",
                            "                                                                                            position  \\\n",
                            "league             season game                               team        player                        \n",
                            "ENG-Premier League 1516   2015-08-08 Bournemouth-Aston Villa Aston Villa Ashley Westwood          MC   \n",
                            "                                                                         Brad Guzan               GK   \n",
                            "                                                                         Carlos Sánchez          Sub   \n",
                            "                                                                         Ciaran Clark             DC   \n",
                            "                                                                         Gabriel Agbonlahor       FW   \n",
                            "\n",
                            "                                                                                             position_id  \\\n",
                            "league             season game                               team        player                            \n",
                            "ENG-Premier League 1516   2015-08-08 Bournemouth-Aston Villa Aston Villa Ashley Westwood               9   \n",
                            "                                                                         Brad Guzan                    1   \n",
                            "                                                                         Carlos Sánchez               17   \n",
                            "                                                                         Ciaran Clark                  3   \n",
                            "                                                                         Gabriel Agbonlahor           15   \n",
                            "\n",
                            "                                                                                             minutes  \\\n",
                            "league             season game                               team        player                        \n",
                            "ENG-Premier League 1516   2015-08-08 Bournemouth-Aston Villa Aston Villa Ashley Westwood          90   \n",
                            "                                                                         Brad Guzan               90   \n",
                            "                                                                         Carlos Sánchez           18   \n",
                            "                                                                         Ciaran Clark             90   \n",
                            "                                                                         Gabriel Agbonlahor       90   \n",
                            "\n",
                            "                                                                                             goals  \\\n",
                            "league             season game                               team        player                      \n",
                            "ENG-Premier League 1516   2015-08-08 Bournemouth-Aston Villa Aston Villa Ashley Westwood         0   \n",
                            "                                                                         Brad Guzan              0   \n",
                            "                                                                         Carlos Sánchez          0   \n",
                            "                                                                         Ciaran Clark            0   \n",
                            "                                                                         Gabriel Agbonlahor      0   \n",
                            "\n",
                            "                                                                                             own_goals  \\\n",
                            "league             season game                               team        player                          \n",
                            "ENG-Premier League 1516   2015-08-08 Bournemouth-Aston Villa Aston Villa Ashley Westwood             0   \n",
                            "                                                                         Brad Guzan                  0   \n",
                            "                                                                         Carlos Sánchez              0   \n",
                            "                                                                         Ciaran Clark                0   \n",
                            "                                                                         Gabriel Agbonlahor          0   \n",
                            "\n",
                            "                                                                                             shots  \\\n",
                            "league             season game                               team        player                      \n",
                            "ENG-Premier League 1516   2015-08-08 Bournemouth-Aston Villa Aston Villa Ashley Westwood         0   \n",
                            "                                                                         Brad Guzan              0   \n",
                            "                                                                         Carlos Sánchez          0   \n",
                            "                                                                         Ciaran Clark            0   \n",
                            "                                                                         Gabriel Agbonlahor      2   \n",
                            "\n",
                            "                                                                                                  xg  \\\n",
                            "league             season game                               team        player                        \n",
                            "ENG-Premier League 1516   2015-08-08 Bournemouth-Aston Villa Aston Villa Ashley Westwood         0.0   \n",
                            "                                                                         Brad Guzan              0.0   \n",
                            "                                                                         Carlos Sánchez          0.0   \n",
                            "                                                                         Ciaran Clark            0.0   \n",
                            "                                                                         Gabriel Agbonlahor  0.13016   \n",
                            "\n",
                            "                                                                                                   xa  \\\n",
                            "league             season game                               team        player                         \n",
                            "ENG-Premier League 1516   2015-08-08 Bournemouth-Aston Villa Aston Villa Ashley Westwood     0.374082   \n",
                            "                                                                         Brad Guzan               0.0   \n",
                            "                                                                         Carlos Sánchez           0.0   \n",
                            "                                                                         Ciaran Clark             0.0   \n",
                            "                                                                         Gabriel Agbonlahor  0.113668   \n",
                            "\n",
                            "                                                                                             xg_chain  \\\n",
                            "league             season game                               team        player                         \n",
                            "ENG-Premier League 1516   2015-08-08 Bournemouth-Aston Villa Aston Villa Ashley Westwood     0.131937   \n",
                            "                                                                         Brad Guzan               0.0   \n",
                            "                                                                         Carlos Sánchez           0.0   \n",
                            "                                                                         Ciaran Clark        0.131937   \n",
                            "                                                                         Gabriel Agbonlahor  0.243828   \n",
                            "\n",
                            "                                                                                             xg_buildup  \n",
                            "league             season game                               team        player                          \n",
                            "ENG-Premier League 1516   2015-08-08 Bournemouth-Aston Villa Aston Villa Ashley Westwood       0.131937  \n",
                            "                                                                         Brad Guzan                 0.0  \n",
                            "                                                                         Carlos Sánchez             0.0  \n",
                            "                                                                         Ciaran Clark          0.131937  \n",
                            "                                                                         Gabriel Agbonlahor         0.0  "
                        ]
                    },
                    "execution_count": 9,
                    "metadata": {},
                    "output_type": "execute_result"
                }
            ],
            "source": [
                "player_match_stats = understat.read_player_match_stats()\n",
                "player_match_stats.head()"
            ]
        },
        {
            "cell_type": "markdown",
            "id": "6da5002a",
            "metadata": {},
            "source": [
                "## Shot events"
            ]
        },
        {
            "cell_type": "code",
            "execution_count": 10,
            "id": "aad9366c",
            "metadata": {},
            "outputs": [
                {
                    "data": {
                        "text/html": [
                            "<div>\n",
                            "<style scoped>\n",
                            "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
                            "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
                            "    }\n",
                            "\n",
                            "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
                            "        vertical-align: top;\n",
                            "    }\n",
                            "\n",
                            "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
                            "        text-align: right;\n",
                            "    }\n",
                            "</style>\n",
                            "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
                            "  <thead>\n",
                            "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "      <th>league_id</th>\n",
                            "      <th>season_id</th>\n",
                            "      <th>game_id</th>\n",
                            "      <th>date</th>\n",
                            "      <th>shot_id</th>\n",
                            "      <th>team_id</th>\n",
                            "      <th>player_id</th>\n",
                            "      <th>assist_player_id</th>\n",
                            "      <th>assist_player</th>\n",
                            "      <th>xg</th>\n",
                            "      <th>location_x</th>\n",
                            "      <th>location_y</th>\n",
                            "      <th>minute</th>\n",
                            "      <th>body_part</th>\n",
                            "      <th>situation</th>\n",
                            "      <th>result</th>\n",
                            "    </tr>\n",
                            "    <tr>\n",
                            "      <th>league</th>\n",
                            "      <th>season</th>\n",
                            "      <th>game</th>\n",
                            "      <th>team</th>\n",
                            "      <th>player</th>\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "      <th></th>\n",
                            "    </tr>\n",
                            "  </thead>\n",
                            "  <tbody>\n",
                            "    <tr>\n",
                            "      <th rowspan=\"5\" valign=\"top\">ENG-Premier League</th>\n",
                            "      <th rowspan=\"5\" valign=\"top\">1516</th>\n",
                            "      <th rowspan=\"5\" valign=\"top\">2015-08-08 Bournemouth-Aston Villa</th>\n",
                            "      <th rowspan=\"5\" valign=\"top\">Aston Villa</th>\n",
                            "      <th>Gabriel Agbonlahor</th>\n",
                            "      <td>1</td>\n",
                            "      <td>2015</td>\n",
                            "      <td>82</td>\n",
                            "      <td>2015-08-08 18:00:00</td>\n",
                            "      <td>487146</td>\n",
                            "      <td>71</td>\n",
                            "      <td>890</td>\n",
                            "      <td>&lt;NA&gt;</td>\n",
                            "      <td>&lt;NA&gt;</td>\n",
                            "      <td>0.075484</td>\n",
                            "      <td>0.86</td>\n",
                            "      <td>0.503</td>\n",
                            "      <td>67</td>\n",
                            "      <td>Left Foot</td>\n",
                            "      <td>Open Play</td>\n",
                            "      <td>Blocked Shot</td>\n",
                            "    </tr>\n",
                            "    <tr>\n",
                            "      <th>Gabriel Agbonlahor</th>\n",
                            "      <td>1</td>\n",
                            "      <td>2015</td>\n",
                            "      <td>82</td>\n",
                            "      <td>2015-08-08 18:00:00</td>\n",
                            "      <td>487150</td>\n",
                            "      <td>71</td>\n",
                            "      <td>890</td>\n",
                            "      <td>548651</td>\n",
                            "      <td>Micah Richards</td>\n",
                            "      <td>0.054676</td>\n",
                            "      <td>0.795</td>\n",
                            "      <td>0.507</td>\n",
                            "      <td>81</td>\n",
                            "      <td>Left Foot</td>\n",
                            "      <td>Open Play</td>\n",
                            "      <td>Saved Shot</td>\n",
                            "    </tr>\n",
                            "    <tr>\n",
                            "      <th>Idrissa Gueye</th>\n",
                            "      <td>1</td>\n",
                            "      <td>2015</td>\n",
                            "      <td>82</td>\n",
                            "      <td>2015-08-08 18:00:00</td>\n",
                            "      <td>487136</td>\n",
                            "      <td>71</td>\n",
                            "      <td>668</td>\n",
                            "      <td>548653</td>\n",
                            "      <td>Jordan Veretout</td>\n",
                            "      <td>0.018269</td>\n",
                            "      <td>0.742</td>\n",
                            "      <td>0.598</td>\n",
                            "      <td>26</td>\n",
                            "      <td>Right Foot</td>\n",
                            "      <td>Open Play</td>\n",
                            "      <td>Missed Shot</td>\n",
                            "    </tr>\n",
                            "    <tr>\n",
                            "      <th>Idrissa Gueye</th>\n",
                            "      <td>1</td>\n",
                            "      <td>2015</td>\n",
                            "      <td>82</td>\n",
                            "      <td>2015-08-08 18:00:00</td>\n",
                            "      <td>487144</td>\n",
                            "      <td>71</td>\n",
                            "      <td>668</td>\n",
                            "      <td>548657</td>\n",
                            "      <td>Gabriel Agbonlahor</td>\n",
                            "      <td>0.113668</td>\n",
                            "      <td>0.883</td>\n",
                            "      <td>0.561</td>\n",
                            "      <td>47</td>\n",
                            "      <td>Left Foot</td>\n",
                            "      <td>Open Play</td>\n",
                            "      <td>Saved Shot</td>\n",
                            "    </tr>\n",
                            "    <tr>\n",
                            "      <th>Leandro Bacuna</th>\n",
                            "      <td>1</td>\n",
                            "      <td>2015</td>\n",
                            "      <td>82</td>\n",
                            "      <td>2015-08-08 18:00:00</td>\n",
                            "      <td>487141</td>\n",
                            "      <td>71</td>\n",
                            "      <td>674</td>\n",
                            "      <td>&lt;NA&gt;</td>\n",
                            "      <td>&lt;NA&gt;</td>\n",
                            "      <td>0.097371</td>\n",
                            "      <td>0.786</td>\n",
                            "      <td>0.437</td>\n",
                            "      <td>42</td>\n",
                            "      <td>Right Foot</td>\n",
                            "      <td>Direct Freekick</td>\n",
                            "      <td>Blocked Shot</td>\n",
                            "    </tr>\n",
                            "  </tbody>\n",
                            "</table>\n",
                            "</div>"
                        ],
                        "text/plain": [
                            "                                                                                            league_id  \\\n",
                            "league             season game                               team        player                         \n",
                            "ENG-Premier League 1516   2015-08-08 Bournemouth-Aston Villa Aston Villa Gabriel Agbonlahor         1   \n",
                            "                                                                         Gabriel Agbonlahor         1   \n",
                            "                                                                         Idrissa Gueye              1   \n",
                            "                                                                         Idrissa Gueye              1   \n",
                            "                                                                         Leandro Bacuna             1   \n",
                            "\n",
                            "                                                                                             season_id  \\\n",
                            "league             season game                               team        player                          \n",
                            "ENG-Premier League 1516   2015-08-08 Bournemouth-Aston Villa Aston Villa Gabriel Agbonlahor       2015   \n",
                            "                                                                         Gabriel Agbonlahor       2015   \n",
                            "                                                                         Idrissa Gueye            2015   \n",
                            "                                                                         Idrissa Gueye            2015   \n",
                            "                                                                         Leandro Bacuna           2015   \n",
                            "\n",
                            "                                                                                             game_id  \\\n",
                            "league             season game                               team        player                        \n",
                            "ENG-Premier League 1516   2015-08-08 Bournemouth-Aston Villa Aston Villa Gabriel Agbonlahor       82   \n",
                            "                                                                         Gabriel Agbonlahor       82   \n",
                            "                                                                         Idrissa Gueye            82   \n",
                            "                                                                         Idrissa Gueye            82   \n",
                            "                                                                         Leandro Bacuna           82   \n",
                            "\n",
                            "                                                                                                           date  \\\n",
                            "league             season game                               team        player                                   \n",
                            "ENG-Premier League 1516   2015-08-08 Bournemouth-Aston Villa Aston Villa Gabriel Agbonlahor 2015-08-08 18:00:00   \n",
                            "                                                                         Gabriel Agbonlahor 2015-08-08 18:00:00   \n",
                            "                                                                         Idrissa Gueye      2015-08-08 18:00:00   \n",
                            "                                                                         Idrissa Gueye      2015-08-08 18:00:00   \n",
                            "                                                                         Leandro Bacuna     2015-08-08 18:00:00   \n",
                            "\n",
                            "                                                                                             shot_id  \\\n",
                            "league             season game                               team        player                        \n",
                            "ENG-Premier League 1516   2015-08-08 Bournemouth-Aston Villa Aston Villa Gabriel Agbonlahor   487146   \n",
                            "                                                                         Gabriel Agbonlahor   487150   \n",
                            "                                                                         Idrissa Gueye        487136   \n",
                            "                                                                         Idrissa Gueye        487144   \n",
                            "                                                                         Leandro Bacuna       487141   \n",
                            "\n",
                            "                                                                                             team_id  \\\n",
                            "league             season game                               team        player                        \n",
                            "ENG-Premier League 1516   2015-08-08 Bournemouth-Aston Villa Aston Villa Gabriel Agbonlahor       71   \n",
                            "                                                                         Gabriel Agbonlahor       71   \n",
                            "                                                                         Idrissa Gueye            71   \n",
                            "                                                                         Idrissa Gueye            71   \n",
                            "                                                                         Leandro Bacuna           71   \n",
                            "\n",
                            "                                                                                             player_id  \\\n",
                            "league             season game                               team        player                          \n",
                            "ENG-Premier League 1516   2015-08-08 Bournemouth-Aston Villa Aston Villa Gabriel Agbonlahor        890   \n",
                            "                                                                         Gabriel Agbonlahor        890   \n",
                            "                                                                         Idrissa Gueye             668   \n",
                            "                                                                         Idrissa Gueye             668   \n",
                            "                                                                         Leandro Bacuna            674   \n",
                            "\n",
                            "                                                                                             assist_player_id  \\\n",
                            "league             season game                               team        player                                 \n",
                            "ENG-Premier League 1516   2015-08-08 Bournemouth-Aston Villa Aston Villa Gabriel Agbonlahor              <NA>   \n",
                            "                                                                         Gabriel Agbonlahor            548651   \n",
                            "                                                                         Idrissa Gueye                 548653   \n",
                            "                                                                         Idrissa Gueye                 548657   \n",
                            "                                                                         Leandro Bacuna                  <NA>   \n",
                            "\n",
                            "                                                                                                  assist_player  \\\n",
                            "league             season game                               team        player                                   \n",
                            "ENG-Premier League 1516   2015-08-08 Bournemouth-Aston Villa Aston Villa Gabriel Agbonlahor                <NA>   \n",
                            "                                                                         Gabriel Agbonlahor      Micah Richards   \n",
                            "                                                                         Idrissa Gueye          Jordan Veretout   \n",
                            "                                                                         Idrissa Gueye       Gabriel Agbonlahor   \n",
                            "                                                                         Leandro Bacuna                    <NA>   \n",
                            "\n",
                            "                                                                                                   xg  \\\n",
                            "league             season game                               team        player                         \n",
                            "ENG-Premier League 1516   2015-08-08 Bournemouth-Aston Villa Aston Villa Gabriel Agbonlahor  0.075484   \n",
                            "                                                                         Gabriel Agbonlahor  0.054676   \n",
                            "                                                                         Idrissa Gueye       0.018269   \n",
                            "                                                                         Idrissa Gueye       0.113668   \n",
                            "                                                                         Leandro Bacuna      0.097371   \n",
                            "\n",
                            "                                                                                             location_x  \\\n",
                            "league             season game                               team        player                           \n",
                            "ENG-Premier League 1516   2015-08-08 Bournemouth-Aston Villa Aston Villa Gabriel Agbonlahor        0.86   \n",
                            "                                                                         Gabriel Agbonlahor       0.795   \n",
                            "                                                                         Idrissa Gueye            0.742   \n",
                            "                                                                         Idrissa Gueye            0.883   \n",
                            "                                                                         Leandro Bacuna           0.786   \n",
                            "\n",
                            "                                                                                             location_y  \\\n",
                            "league             season game                               team        player                           \n",
                            "ENG-Premier League 1516   2015-08-08 Bournemouth-Aston Villa Aston Villa Gabriel Agbonlahor       0.503   \n",
                            "                                                                         Gabriel Agbonlahor       0.507   \n",
                            "                                                                         Idrissa Gueye            0.598   \n",
                            "                                                                         Idrissa Gueye            0.561   \n",
                            "                                                                         Leandro Bacuna           0.437   \n",
                            "\n",
                            "                                                                                             minute  \\\n",
                            "league             season game                               team        player                       \n",
                            "ENG-Premier League 1516   2015-08-08 Bournemouth-Aston Villa Aston Villa Gabriel Agbonlahor      67   \n",
                            "                                                                         Gabriel Agbonlahor      81   \n",
                            "                                                                         Idrissa Gueye           26   \n",
                            "                                                                         Idrissa Gueye           47   \n",
                            "                                                                         Leandro Bacuna          42   \n",
                            "\n",
                            "                                                                                              body_part  \\\n",
                            "league             season game                               team        player                           \n",
                            "ENG-Premier League 1516   2015-08-08 Bournemouth-Aston Villa Aston Villa Gabriel Agbonlahor   Left Foot   \n",
                            "                                                                         Gabriel Agbonlahor   Left Foot   \n",
                            "                                                                         Idrissa Gueye       Right Foot   \n",
                            "                                                                         Idrissa Gueye        Left Foot   \n",
                            "                                                                         Leandro Bacuna      Right Foot   \n",
                            "\n",
                            "                                                                                                   situation  \\\n",
                            "league             season game                               team        player                                \n",
                            "ENG-Premier League 1516   2015-08-08 Bournemouth-Aston Villa Aston Villa Gabriel Agbonlahor        Open Play   \n",
                            "                                                                         Gabriel Agbonlahor        Open Play   \n",
                            "                                                                         Idrissa Gueye             Open Play   \n",
                            "                                                                         Idrissa Gueye             Open Play   \n",
                            "                                                                         Leandro Bacuna      Direct Freekick   \n",
                            "\n",
                            "                                                                                                   result  \n",
                            "league             season game                               team        player                            \n",
                            "ENG-Premier League 1516   2015-08-08 Bournemouth-Aston Villa Aston Villa Gabriel Agbonlahor  Blocked Shot  \n",
                            "                                                                         Gabriel Agbonlahor    Saved Shot  \n",
                            "                                                                         Idrissa Gueye        Missed Shot  \n",
                            "                                                                         Idrissa Gueye         Saved Shot  \n",
                            "                                                                         Leandro Bacuna      Blocked Shot  "
                        ]
                    },
                    "execution_count": 10,
                    "metadata": {},
                    "output_type": "execute_result"
                }
            ],
            "source": [
                "shot_events = understat.read_shot_events()\n",
                "shot_events.head()"
            ]
        }
    ],
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